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The MoneySense guide to inflation (2025)
– moneysense.ca
Inflation is the increase in the cost of goods or services. Governments use this valuable information to set monetary policy. In turn, lenders and banks also rely on inflation numbers to set interest rates, and borrowers use them to make investment or budgeting goals.
We’ll explain how inflation is measured in Canada and what it means for your wallet, before considering where inflation is headed.
What is inflation, and why does it happen?
Inflation is the increase in the price of goods over a set period of time (usually a year), meaning your dollar doesn’t hold as much value as it used to. Typically, inflation refers to a broad range of goods, not just one type of product.
Economists and government officials look at inflation to gauge consumer purchasing power. This also helps officials set monetary policy, which affects borrowing rates.
Although the causes of inflation change along with the rate of inflation, these are common types of situations that lead to inflation:
Quantity theory of money: Inflation is the result of lax monetary policy in which the money supply is too large (relative to the economy of the country)…


